Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2013 im Fachbereich Geowissenschaften / Geographie - Bevouml;lkerungsgeographie; Stadt- u. Raumplanung; Note: 1;7; Technische Universitauml;t Kaiserslautern (Raum- und Umweltplanung); Sprache: Deutsch; Abstract: Nachdem sich die Betreiber und Investoren von Shoppingcentern wie bdquo;ECEldquo; oder bdquo;mfildquo; in den 90er Jahren hauptsauml;chlich darauf konzentriert hatten neue Malls auf der bdquo;gruuml;nen Wieseldquo; am Rande der Stadt zu errichten; ruuml;ckten in den letzten Jahren zunehmend die Innenstadtstandorte wieder in ihr Interesse. Da der innerstauml;dtische Einzelhandel fuuml;r die Zentralitauml;t und Urbanitauml;t der Stauml;dte ausschlaggeben ist und die wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Kraft der Stadtkerne nach wie vor eine anziehende Wirkung haben; ist diese Entwicklung durchaus nachvollziehbar. Durch die vorherige Ansiedlung von Einkaufscentern in der Peripherie entstand fuuml;r den innerstauml;dtischen Einzelhandel jedoch eine starke Konkurrenz; was negative Auswirkungen auf die Innenstadt zur Folge hatte. Durch das Ausbleiben der Kundschaft mussten viele Einzelhauml;ndler ihr Geschauml;ft aufgeben. Es kam zu Leerstauml;nden sowie zu einer Verauml;nderung von Geschauml;ften mit einem hochwertigen Sortimentangebot hin zu Billiganbietern wie bdquo;1-Euro-Lauml;denldquo; oder Spiel-hallen. Diese bdquo;Trading-Downldquo;-Prozesse fuuml;hren zu einem Imageverlust der Innenstauml;dte und verlaufen in einem Teufelskreis; da die Prozesse durch den Imageverlust weiter verstauml;rkt werden. Wie oben bereits erwauml;hnt; drauml;ngen die Betreiber von Shoppingcenter inzwischen vermehrt in die Innenstadt. Um die bdquo;Trading-Downldquo;-Prozesse zu stoppen und wieder mehr Kaufkraft in die Innenstauml;dte zu locken; versucht auch die Kommunalpolitik mit Hilfe der Investoren Einkaufscenter in den Innenstauml;dten anzusiedeln. Diese versprechen eine schnelle und effiziente Louml;sung des Problems zu sein. So wird die Zentralitauml;t und Urbanitauml;t schlagartig gesteigert und somit wieder mehr Kaufkraft in die Stadt gelenkt. Hinzu kommen mehr Gewerbesteuereinnahmen fuuml;r die oft klammen Haushaltskassen der Stauml;dte sowie neu geschaffene Arbeitsplauml;tze. Anfangs war dieser Trend nur in Metropolen festzustellen. Inzwischen befinden sich auch Mittelstauml;dte wie Kaiserslautern im Fokus der Shoppingcenter-Betreiber. Doch die bisherigen Erfahrungen aus vielen Stauml;dten zeigten; dass das Hauptziel; die Innenstadt zu stauml;rken; um damit die Qualitauml;t des stauml;dtischen Lebens zu verbessern; oft nicht erreicht wird. In vielen Fauml;llen verlagerte sich die Wertschouml;pfung in den Stauml;dten von den vielen Geschauml;ften auszlig;erhalb der Shoppingcenter nur in das Center hinein. Dies fuuml;hrt dazu; dass die bereits begonnen bdquo;Trading-Downldquo;-Prozesse weiter verstauml;rkt werden.......
#1210080 in eBooks 2015-02-02 2015-02-02File Name: B00U6IMRRU
Review
107 of 107 people found the following review helpful. Learning Photoshop Elements 11 made easyBy T AndersonIn the past I have had Photoshop loaded on my computer; but I rarely used it unless it was to use the autocorrection features. Each year I have a ton of vacation pictures to clean up every year and since I am a programmer I have the occasional need to create graphics. 85% of the time I used a less complex tool like Paint.net.I say for the past 2 to 3 years my wife has started making photo albums using online services. She now has the need to do more with the photos than we have in the past. We have been using one software to clean up the images; and then using one of the online services to create the photo books. She also has started making custom cards. Photoshop Elements looked like it may handle all three needs.I have seen Photoshop Elements in the past; but never really took the time to learn about it. I got this book to see if it can handle our needs before I purchase the software.Part 1. Introduction to Elements1. Finding Your Way Around Elements2. Importing; Managing; and Saving Photos3. Rotating and Resizing PhotosPart 2. Elemental Elements4. The Quick Fix5. Making Selections6. Layers: The Heart of ElementsPart 3. Retouching7. Basic Image Retouching8. Elements for Digital Photographers9. Retouching: Fine-Tuning Images10. Removing and Adding Color11. Photomerge: Creating Panoramas; Group Shots; and MorePart 4. Artistic Elements12. Drawing with Brushes; Shapes; and Other Tools13. Filters; Actions; Layer Styles; and Gradients14. Text in ElementsPart 5. Sharing Images15. Creating Projects16. Printing Photos17. Email and the Web18. Online Albums and SlideshowsPart 6. Additional Elements19. Beyond the BasicsPart 7. AppendixesA. Installation and TroubleshootingThis book definitely accomplished what I needed it to and more. We will be buying the software. I downloaded the trial version to try a bunch of the tools the book covered and they all worked as described.The author has a great writing style which makes the book easy to read. The book is in color which really helps when describing photo manipulating software. The author makes good use of screenshots without going overboard.The only thing I wouldve liked to have seen is more coverage of the scrapbook and greeting card templates. I was able to find information online about the ones that are available so that helped make my decision.The book goes way beyond what I will be doing 90% of the time; but it was cool learning all the capabilities in Elements 11. I would not have bought the software without reading this book.Another thing I liked is that the author pointed out differences between Mac and Windows. We will be running it on both; so this information was nice to have.The book will be staying by my side as I modify our vacation pictures and make graphic for software projects.All in all I found this to be a great book. If you want to learn about all the features available in Photoshop Elements 11 this is the best way to go.58 of 61 people found the following review helpful. As usual; this really is the manual that should have been in the box...By Long-Suffering Technology ConsumerOReillys "Missing Manual" series claims each of their titles is "The book that should have been in the box". While I cant speak for the entire series; I have purchased and used several of them; including the missing manuals for three different versions of Photoshop Elements (PSE).PSE 11 is generally similar at the user interface level to versions going back to PSE 8; and it is --like its predecessor versions-- extremely feature dense. This makes it both a powerful digital image editor; and a potential well of frustration for users. While PSE 11 includes some enhanced automated and guided image editing functions; users hoping to harness its full power will achieve this sooner if they grab some help. Barbara Brundage offers this assistance in a detailed guide that explores the higher functions of PSE; while respecting the challenges many readers may have in grasping complex technology.Brundage offers both conceptual overviews and tutorials of PSE 11s interface and functions. She effectively breaks down the the concepts of file management; basic editing; image manipulation and sharing of the results of these digital editing techniques.This book is particularly effective in addressing the two areas that can lead to delight --or despair-- among would-be photo editors: selection and layering in PSE.The conceptual discussions and tutorials in this book are intelligently discussed and laid out in good detail. The companion materials to this book are online ("the missing CD"); and include links to sample images used for demonstrations in the book; and to other online resources to assist with PSE mastery. The author and creative team both have links to their own websites and email addresses listed in the introduction. You will also see that I have responded directly to other reviewers comments. This indicates strong ownership and a high level of accessibility. In addition; the author readily --and correctly-- points out that many high quality step-by-step guides to most things you might want to do are readily found on popular video sites.Two things to note before diving into this book and your PSE 11 experience:the appendix to the book is found at the rear; and addresses installation issues. This would be better placed at the front and combined with the "whats new" portion; since install issues are the first pitfall area that users could encounter. Finally; sometimes the book gushes just a bit about the overall capabilities of PSE ("while its doing wonderful things to your picture..."). These are minor points; and in no way diminish from the overall usefulness of this must have reference for users of PSE 11.6 of 6 people found the following review helpful. This is done right--assumes you know nothing; but still great to use if you do--in other words; its well written for ANYone.By ChandlerI decided to take this along on a recent vacation--that may sound like an odd "beach read" but I have been fully entertained in my downtime. I bring my laptop on the plane anyway and I cant connect to wi-fi then so I thought Id use my plane time; my airport time; and vacation downtime to also have some Photoshop fun; sharpen my skills; and be productive. I bought this months ago but just have been bad about sitting down and really finding time in my schedule to use it. However; good instruction book is not even close to the cost of taking a class so I feel its the best way to learn.Now I cant put it down even after the trip.Heres the thing. Most books for Photoshop Elements assume you have used the other versions of Photoshop at length and have all the basic skills but need to update them for this version; at least in many I flipped through. This one is different. It is not written in any computer language whatsoever; but instead will take you through every aspect of this program in a very easy but enlightening way. I actually had some self-taught skills going in but I realized I was doing many things the hard way. So actually the basics were equally as incredible for me and they were written such a CLEAR way; showing photos of just what they mean of what to click on; whether use you mac or PC; and really help someone with NO experience all the way up to someone who thinks they are great at it but had no idea all that the program can do.It even has sharpened how I use the program for graphics; not just photos--so your brochures and websites look like you hired a graphic designer.I had no idea how much this program can do. Quite frankly; you can start at beginner level and be pro at the end of this book by simply and easily following along. It reads so wonderfully simply and is actually entertaining in the way it teaches; that I prefer it to ANY video or glass. This was done at my pace and allows me to highlight things I want to use and go back to.There are photos on pretty much every page showing you not only the steps but before and afters so you really get what it means...it is a very thick book.It teaches you artistic effects; retouching;sharing photos; using tools for artistic flair in drawing; painting; etc in the program.It teaches you how to make your text look like you are a graphic designer: make it curve over an object; become a shape; look like wood; etc.It teaches you how to design photo books; collages; montages; calendars; cards; etc.It teaches you how to customize Elements to make it easier for you to use if you desire.It teaches you how to use filters and layersIt teaches you how to restore old photos or damaged photosIt teaches you how to make everyone look better in your images or how to make things more interesting in your photos or remove backgrounds...Really; it teaches you how to use this more condensed version of Photoshop in the way youd use the full version that costs far more--once you know the shortcuts and where to find anything; honestly Photoshop Elements is all you need.This to me is priceless...make yourself an expert. Quickly. Better than a design class or computer class. Fantastic.
