An ancient art form dating back to cave paintings in the Paleolithic age; silhouettes were extremely popular during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; when they served as an inexpensive form of portraiture; capturing the essence of the subject with a minimum of detail.Now todays crafters; designers; artists; and illustrators can take advantage of the silhouettes eye-catching power with this splendid sourcebook; meticulously compiled by Carol Belanger Grafton. Included are over 1;700 charming; royalty-free silhouettes mdash; culled from a number of rare sources mdash; ideal for use in a broad range of graphic projects. Posters; signage; magazine and book illustration; advertisements; brochures; and flyers are just a few of the potential uses for the illustrations in this convenient archive.Choose from a wide array of subjects: animals portrayed in assorted poses; children playing and reading; couples embracing; views of the human profile; people working; painting; biking; and playing musical instruments; and many more. All appear in striking forms that emphasize the silhouettes power to make a simple but bold graphic statement.
#977592 in eBooks 2014-01-20 2014-01-20File Name: B00HYFOY38
Review
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. Book title is deceptive. It covers only wood frame construction. There are many factual errors in the sections on concrete.By Ward MalischThe book title and description are both misleading. This book deals only with wood-frame residential construction. Yet the dust-jacket description does not mention this very important limitation of the book. My specialty is concrete construction; so I checked out the index for mentions of concrete. There are a few but they are flawed and full of misinformation. Here are a few examples:On page 209; a sentence states that: "Contractor shall verify that flatwork...does not pond water."The problem: All flatwork ponds water because it cant be constructed perfectly flat. A very tight tolerance of an eighth-inch gap under a 10-ft straightedge means there is going to be a puddle or dip an eighth-inch deep if the slab is level. When exterior flatwork is built with a slope; there will still be some water ponded at the downhill bottom of any dip. .On page 99; a sentence states: "In slab on grade foundations; the concrete must be reinforced so that it does not crack..."The problem: Reinforcing steel--whether bars or welded wire mesh--does not prevent cracking. It helps to hold the crack faces together so the cracks dont get too wide. If you put enough reinforcing steel in the slab it will develop a large number of very fine cracks because the steel restrains shrinkage and puts the concrete in tension. Concrete is very weak in tension. Sawed or tooled joints are used to hide cracks in either a straight line cut or tooled groove.Also on page 99: "Either material [welded wire mesh or rebars] can be used; but both must be placed in the middle of the concrete slab."The problem: To control cracking of a nonstructural slab on ground; the reinforcement needs to be near the top of the slab. Usually 1 to 2 inches below the surface. The closer to the surface; the better the reinforcement works in holding crack faces tightly closed. The reduced cover may reduce resistance to rusting of the steel; but that problem is not as great as wide cracks. In floors 4-in. thick; steel in the middle (2 inches below the surface) is acceptable. In floors thicker than 4 inches; the steel must still be 1 to 2 in. below the surface.Again; on page 99: "To accomplish this; the reinforcing steel must be held up off the ground; using small supports made of metal or plastic."The problem: Most residential work is done with light gage welded wire mesh. To keep the mesh near the design elevation requires so many bolsters or chairs that there is almost as much steel in the supports as there is in the reinforcement. The problem is that workers have to walk in the concrete while placing it and striking it off. When they do this they step on the mesh and drive it to near the bottom of the slab. It doesnt bounce back up; and cant be hooked up if the person doing the hooking is standing on the mesh.And finally; on page 99: "When the reinforcement is placed in the bottom of the slab and not in the middle; this weakens the slab and makes it susceptible to cracking."The problem: Reinforcement at the bottom of the slab doesnt weaken it.The reinforcement just doesnt fulfill its purpose of holding surface crack faces tightly together so the cracks dont open too wide.On page 102: "A vapor barrier is customarily a layer of thin plastic...sandwiched between two layers of sand; each of which is 2 inches thick"The problems: The description is for a vapor retarder unless the plastic sheeting is thicker than about 15 mils. The term retarder means the sheeting does transmit some vapor. But the larger problem is the suggestion that sand be placed both above and below the vapor retarder. For floors that will receive most coverings; or floors in areas requiring humidity control; the concrete slab must be placed directly on top of the vapor retarder. If theres a layer of sand on top of the vapor retarder; any water in the sand is trapped between the concrete slab and the vapor retarder. It can exit only through the slab surface. And that can damage flooring of nearly all kinds. Further; many sands cant be compacted well and produce a very poor base for the concrete. Only compaced crusher-run sand or similar materials that contain some dust-like fines form a srong base for the slab.I stopped reading the book after noting that it does not cover anything but wood frame construction and contains many errors on subjects Im familiar with. Save your money by not buying this book.Ward Malisch; P.E.; PhD0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. Highly recommended for any contractor!By Scott CohenAs a Landscape; General; and Pool Contractor I found this book to be terrific! I just ordered additional copies to share with my staff as a training tool. It is chock full of great advice; very insightful and a must read for ANY CONTRACTOR. The book is well written as the author translates construction jargon into layman terms to make it easy for both home owners and professionals to understand.In this book; Robert Mann takes you behind the curtain and shares the construction defect litigation procedures and how to navigate the very expensive and time consuming process. I work regularly as an Expert Witness and strongly recommend this book to anyone in the contracting trades. Read it carefully and you are sure to save yourself thousands of dollars.Scott Cohen; The Green Scene