Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American novelist; Dark Romantic; and short story writer. He was born in 1804 in Salem; Massachusetts; to Nathaniel Hathorne and the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning. His ancestors include John Hathorne; the only judge involved in the Salem witch trials who never repented of his actions. Nathaniel later added a "w" to make his name "Hawthorne" in order to hide this relation. He entered Bowdoin College in 1821; was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in 1824;[1] and graduated in 1825. Hawthorne published his first work; a novel titled Fanshawe; in 1828; he later tried to suppress it; feeling it was not equal to the standard of his later work.[2] He published several short stories in periodicals; which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. The next year; he became engaged to Sophia Peabody. He worked at the Boston Custom House and joined Brook Farm; a transcendentalist community; before marrying Peabody in 1842. The couple moved to The Old Manse in Concord; Massachusetts; later moving to Salem; the Berkshires; then to The Wayside in Concord. The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850; followed by a succession of other novels. A political appointment as consul took Hawthorne and family to Europe before their return to Concord in 1860. Hawthorne died on May 19; 1864; and was survived by his wife and their three children.Much of Hawthornes writing centers on New England; many works featuring moral allegories with a Puritan inspiration. His fiction works are considered part of the Romantic movement and; more specifically; Dark romanticism. His themes often center on the inherent evil and sin of humanity; and his works often have moral messages and deep psychological complexity. His published works include novels; short stories; and a biography of his college friend Franklin Pierce (font: Wikipedia)
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